Ecological MT.Siguniang
1. Geographical location
Siguniang mountain is located in the east of Xiaojin County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, adjacent to Wolong National Nature Reserve. Its geographical coordinates are between 102 ° 42 ′ 30 ″ - 102 ° 58 ′ 40 ″ E and 30 ° 54 ′ 16 ″ - 31 ° 16 ′ 21 ″ n, with a total area of 591km2.
Siguniangshan is a national scenic spot and nature reserve established with the approval of the State Council in 1995 and 1996. In 2003, the office of ABA people's government determined that the Administration Bureau of Siguniangshan National Nature Reserve was a county-level public institution with independent legal personality and belonged to public welfare institution.
2. Main protected objects and functional zoning of the reserve
According to the national regulations on nature reserves and the principle of classification of types and grades of nature reserves, Siguniangshan Nature Reserve belongs to the nature reserve of natural ecosystem type.
The main protection objects of the reserve are: to protect the natural ecosystem dominated by the original dark coniferous forest; to protect the giant panda, snow leopard, takin, white lipped deer, golden monkey and other national key protection.
In addition, it is necessary to protect the unique geological landforms dominated by glaciers.
According to the master plan of Sichuan Xiaojin sigongshan National Nature Reserve, the functional divisions of the reserve are as follows:
(1) Core area:
The core area is located in the north and northeast of the reserve, with an area of 185 km2, accounting for 33.0% of the total area of the reserve. The area consists of two parts:
① Changpinggou core area
This area is located in changpinggou muluozi and shuangqiaogou, with an area of 154km2.
This area is the area with the largest forest area, the largest number of plant types and the most complete preservation. It is the main place to play the protection function of the nature reserve. The area is uninhabited and basically undisturbed, and the habitat remains in the original state.
② Core area of Haizigou.
Located in the upper reaches of Haizigou, it is located in the high mountain area above 4000 meters above sea level, adjacent to the core area of changpinggou and separated by the main ridge ridge of the main peak. The area is about 30km2. The area is uninhabited and keeps a good original state. It is the habitat of the main protected objects, such as antelope and white lipped deer.
(2) The buffer zone is located in the downstream section of the core area, distributed in a strip on both sides of shuangqiaogou, changpinggou and Haizigou, covering an area of 156km2, accounting for 27.8% of the reserve area. The area is uninhabited, with less human disturbance and good ecological environment.
(3) Experimental area
The experimental area is located at the periphery of the buffer zone, covering an area of 219 km2, accounting for 39.2% of the total area of the reserve. It is distributed in the valley on both sides of the three gullies, and its upper limit is below huahaizi in Haizigou, muluozi in changpinggou and Sequoia in shuangqiaogou. This area is located on both sides of the highway or river. It is a residential area of the reserve, with frequent human activities.
3. Natural conditions
(1) Geomorphic features
Siguniang mountain is located in the eastern edge of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the first step of geomorphology in China. It belongs to the transition zone from Sichuan basin to Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the second step. The tectonics belongs to Songpan Ganzi fold belt in geosyncline region of China. The geomorphic division belongs to the high mountain plateau area of Western Sichuan, the high mountain canyon sub region and the high mountain canyon zone in the middle reaches of Dadu River. The main landform types are: dry warm valley (semi-arid Valley) landform, high mountain landform and extremely high mountain landform. The mountains in the area are steep and modern glaciers are developed. There are 52 snow peaks with an altitude of more than 5000m, which are covered with snow all the year round. The main peak, Siguniang mountain, is 6250M above sea level. It is the highest peak in Qionglai mountains, the second peak in Sichuan and the third peak in Hengduan Mountains.
(2) Climatic characteristics
Siguniang mountain belongs to subtropical climate. Due to the great difference of terrain height in the area, the mountain climate changes obviously with the change of altitude. From the wori River Valley in the southwest corner of the reserve to the top of the main peak, a complex vertical climate belt spectrum is formed, showing the vertical distribution of temperate zone, cold temperate zone, sub frigid zone, frigid zone and permafrost zone. The annual average temperature in the reserve is 5.9 ℃, and the average temperature at the top of Siguniang mountain is - 17.1 ℃. The frost free period is 78 days. The dry rainy season is obvious in the area, and the distribution of precipitation season and region is uneven. The annual rainfall is 931.5mm. The sunshine is abundant, the sunshine percentage is as high as 51%, and the annual average sunshine hours are 2265 hours.
(3) Hydrology
The rivers and gullies in the reserve are distributed in the form of branches, belonging to the Qingyi River system of Dadu River Basin, a secondary tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The main rivers such as Haizigou, changpinggou and shuangqiaogou are tributaries of the wori River and are the birthplace of the wori river. Wori river is a tertiary tributary of Qingyi River, with a total length of 79.1km and a drainage area of 1739km2.
The water resources in the reserve are mainly composed of ice and snow thawing water, surface runoff and groundwater, without external water and transit water. There are 25 large and small lakes (Haizi), with water surface area of 2.06 square kilometers, water storage capacity of 320000 cubic meters, and nearly 100 mountain streams and waterfalls.
(4) Soil
Siguniang mountain is located in the deep cutting mountain gorge area, with complex geological structure, diverse landform and soil parent material. According to the altitude, the soil types include: cinnamon soil, brown soil, dark brown soil, calcareous soil, subalpine meadow soil, alpine meadow soil and alpine cold desert soil. In addition, limestone soil and swamp soil are scattered in the reserve.
(5) Vegetation
This area is one of the most abundant alpine vegetation and biodiversity distribution centers in the world. In the west of Sichuan Province, it belongs to coniferous forest zone in the upper reaches of Sichuan river. The distribution of vegetation is affected by topography and climatic conditions due to the great difference of terrain height.